Abstract: Background: Dogs have been shown to tolerate trilostane administration relatively well. Mild, self-limiting side effects have been reported. Some patients administered trilostane have been reported to have significant clinical consequences such as lifelong hypoadrenocortisim. There is limited literature about single trilostane exposure events and the clinical outcome for the affected dog. Objectives: Review the clinical findings and outcome in dogs exposed to various doses of inadvertent trilostane administration while emphasizing probable treatment recommendations and outcome. Animals: Twenty-eight cases were selected from a private, toxicology database and specialty service. Data acquired included patient demographics, exposure history to trilostane, diagnostic findings, treatment recommendations and outcome. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of canine trilostane exposure cases from 2005 -2020. Cases were selected obtaining data from the ASPCA AnToxTM database. Results: Median onset of clinical signs after trilostane exposure was 2.5 hours (range 0.25-72 hours). The most reported clinical sign was vomiting (15/28, 53.5%). Majority of cases (15/28, 53.5%) were recommended to seek veterinary care. Eight of the 28 cases included follow-up information categorized by: dogs which had no clinical signs after 24 hours with no veterinary intervention (7/8) with veterinary treatment (1/8). No dog with follow-up information had signs observed 24 hours after exposure. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Dogs being inadvertently exposed to trilostane are likely to have mild clinical signs. Dogs exhibiting trilostane toxicosis should be managed individually; however, the need for extensive treatments is unlikely even with exposure doses significantly exceeding the published canine trilostane therapeutic dosages for initial hyperadrenocorticism treatment. Further studies are warranted.
